The kytherian ground is barren and the rural production is poor. Propably, it is the most important reason that forced many Kytherians in the immigration of 20th century. Sometimes most extents of the island were being cultivated, while the population was coming up to 10.000. So wherever you look in the island you will observe that the ground is separated by brick walls . Most extents are waste now. Nevertheless, they are many people that deal with agricultural. The promotion of Biological Agriculture and fund programs have prompted young persons to deal with the rural production . The new technologies increase the rural production.

Two rural cooperatives for the production of oil, one apiarian and one of biological culture activate on Kythera. The efforts of farmers are supported by the Developmental Company of Kythera.